Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder which affects millions of women worldwide, yet often remains undetectableIt is estimated that fewer than 1 in 4 women with PMS are aware of what is really happening to their bodies. For many women, symptoms may be mild or vague, leading to they delay to ask medicine help. However, PCOS is a serious hormonal disorder, which affects not only fertility but also general health, both immediately and in the long term.
What is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?
PCOS is due to a hormonal imbalance which usually occurs in women of reproductive age. The ovaries produce larger amounts of androgens (hormones that are normally present in low levels in women). This overproduction creates a cascade of effects in the body:
- cycles become irregular or even non-existent,
- ovulation is delayed or does not occur,
- small cysts develop in the ovaries.
This combination can make conception difficult for many women, while PCOS increases the risk of metabolic disorders.
Why is PCOS caused?
The exact cause has not been fully elucidated. Experts agree that it is due to combination of genetic and environmental factors.
The most common mechanisms involved are:
- Insulin resistance: Many women with PCOS produce more insulin, which leads to weight gain and further hormone disruption.
- Heredity: PCOS tends to run in families.
- Body weight: Obesity does not cause PCOS but may enhance symptoms.
What are the most common symptoms?
The symptoms of PCOS are not the same for all women. Some have mild symptoms, while others have more and more severe symptoms.
The most characteristic ones are:
- Irregular or absent periods
- Difficulty in conception
- Acne and oily skin
- Increased hair growth on the face and body (hirsutism)
- Hair loss on the head (androgenetic type)
- Unexplained weight gain, mainly in the abdominal area
- Emotional fluctuations, anxiety or depression
Complications that may be associated with PCOS
In addition to fertility, PCOS can also affect long-term healthWithout early diagnosis and proper management, the risk of:
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Hypertension
- Lipid disorders (cholesterol, triglycerides)
- Cardiovascular problems
- Endometrial hyperplasia or cancer
Diagnosis of PCOS
The diagnosis is made by gynecologist or reproductive medicine specialist and includes:
- Detailed Medical history & clinical examination
- Transvaginal ultrasound, to show the image of the ovaries and endometrium
- Blood tests, so that be checked hormones such as androgens, estrogens, progesterone, but also glucose, insulin, lipids
Treatment options
The treatment of PCOS is not the same for all women. It depends on age, symptoms, and desire to have children.
- Lifestyle changes
Weight loss, a balanced diet, and exercise can reduce symptoms and restore ovulation.
- Drug treatment
Depending on needs:
- contraceptive pills for cycle regulation and androgen reduction,
- treatment for insulin resistance,
- treatment which stimulates ovulation in women who want to get pregnant.
- In vitro fertilization (IVF)
For women who are unable to conceive by other means, IVF is often a safe and effective solution. Success rates in women with PCOS are high when treatment is planned properly.
Living with PCOS
PCOS does not mean that a woman cannot have children or live a healthy life. With the right medical guidance, personalized treatment, and lifestyle changes, symptoms can be controlled and fertility enhanced.
A message to every woman
Dr. Alexandros Traianos is a Gynecologist specializing in Reproductive Medicine and to Fetal Medicine. His specializations took place in the largest hospitals in London (Kings College Hospital, Homerton University Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas Hospital). His scientific interest is focused on Reproductive Medicine and Prenatal screening. September, PCOS Awareness Month, is an opportunity to remember that the information and prevention is the first step to health. If you have symptoms that worry you, don't ignore them. Talk to your doctor and seek appropriate treatment.
The Center for Reproductive Medicine & Embryology “Dr. Alexandros Traianos” is by your side every step of the way, providing scientific guidance and human support.
📞 For an appointment call 2310 277 032 or send email to alexandrostraianos@gmail.com.
